CXCL9

CXCL9
Identifiers
Aliases	CXCL9, CMK, Humig, MIG, SCYB9, crg-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9
External IDs	OMIM: 601704 HomoloGene: 1813 GeneCards: CXCL9
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	76,007,509 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	appendix; ; lymph node; ; superficial temporal artery; ; rectum; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; gallbladder; ; parietal pleura; ; thymus; ; germinal epithelium; ; thymus;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding; chemokine activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; intracellular anatomical structure;
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; chemokine-mediated signaling pathway; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; chemotaxis; positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis; cellular defense response; positive regulation of myoblast fusion; response to lipopolysaccharide; regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of myoblast differentiation; defense response to virus; immune response; signal transduction; defense response; inflammatory response; T cell chemotaxis; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; regulation of signaling receptor activity; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; response to bacterium; neutrophil chemotaxis; leukocyte chemotaxis; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4283
	n/a
	ENSG00000138755
	n/a
	Q07325
	n/a
	NM_002416
	n/a
	NP_002407
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). The CXCL9 is one of the chemokine which plays role to induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation and multiplication of leukocytes, and cause tissue extravasation.

The CXCL9/CXCR3 receptor regulates immune cell migration, differentiation, and activation. Immune reactivity occurs through recruitment of immune cells, such as cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and macrophages. Th1 polarization also activates the immune cells in response to IFN-γ. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a key for clinical outcomes and prediction of the response to checkpoint inhibitors. In vivo studies suggest the axis plays a tumorigenic role by increasing tumor proliferation and metastasis. CXCL9 predominantly mediates lymphocytic infiltration to the focal sites and suppresses tumor growth.

It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

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