CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1

CX3CR1
Identifiers
Aliases	CX3CR1, CCRL1, CMKBRL1, CMKDR1, GPR13, GPRV28, V28, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601470 MGI: 1333815 HomoloGene: 20350 GeneCards: CX3CR1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	39,281,735 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	119,898,945 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; superior vestibular nucleus; ; monocyte; ; ventral tegmental area; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; spinal ganglia; ; endothelial cell; ; blood;
	Top expressed in
	globus pallidus; ; internal carotid artery; ; nucleus accumbens; ; optic nerve; ; prefrontal cortex; ; external carotid artery; ; olfactory tubercle; ; medial geniculate nucleus; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; entorhinal cortex;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity; C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity; signal transducer activity; protein binding; chemokine receptor activity; C-X3-C chemokine binding; cytokine receptor activity; G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity; C-C chemokine receptor activity; chemokine binding; C-C chemokine binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; neuronal cell body membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; neuron projection; nucleus; nucleoplasm; external side of plasma membrane; cell surface; dendritic tree;
Biological process	cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; chemokine-mediated signaling pathway; memory; positive regulation of angiogenesis; chemotaxis; cellular defense response; cell adhesion; negative regulation of cell migration; response to wounding; negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; viral process; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; signal transduction; microglial cell activation involved in immune response; negative regulation of angiogenesis; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; cerebral cortex cell migration; macrophage chemotaxis; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand; response to ischemia; immune response; phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; cell-cell signaling; calcium-mediated signaling; central nervous system maturation; negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; social behavior; autocrine signaling; innate immune response; regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; regulation of synaptic plasticity; regulation of neurogenesis; positive regulation of neurogenesis; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; leukocyte tethering or rolling; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; synapse maturation; cell chemotaxis; synapse pruning; negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process; multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite; positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation; regulation of microglial cell migration; negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1524
	13051
	ENSG00000168329
	ENSMUSG00000052336
	P49238
	Q9Z0D9
	NM_001337; NM_001171171; NM_001171172; NM_001171174
	NM_009987
	NP_001164642; NP_001164643; NP_001164645; NP_001328
	NP_034117
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), also known as the fractalkine receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 13 (GPR13), is a transmembrane protein of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPCR1) family and the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily.

As the name suggests, this receptor binds the inflammatory chemokine CX3CL1 (also called neurotactin in mice or fractalkine in humans). This endogenous ligand solely binds to CX3CR1 receptor. Interaction of CX3CR1 with CX3CL1 can mediate migration, adhesion and retention of leukocytes, because Fractalkine exists as membrane-anchored protein (mCX3CL1) as well as cleaved soluble molecule (sCX3CL1) due to proteolysis by metalloproteinases (MPPs). The shedded form carries out typical function of conventional chemokines, the chemotaxis, while the membrane-bound protein behaves as adhesion molecule for facilitation of diapedesis.

Both partners of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis are present on numerous cell types from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells throughout the body. Moreover, their distinct cell expression is dependent on specific tissues and organs, which provides broad sphere of biological activity. Hence, considering their various functional activity, they are also linked with multiple neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders as well as with tumorigenesis.

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