Buffalo & Erie County Public Library

The Buffalo & Erie County Public Library is located on Lafayette Square, Buffalo, New York, United States. The current facility, designed by Kideney Architects and built in 1964, replaced the original Cyrus Eidlitz Buffalo Public Library Building dedicated in February 1887. The first Buffalo Public Library, in turn, replaced the Erie County, New York courthouse, which occupied the parcel from 1816-1876.

Founded ca. 1835 as the Young Men's Association (not to be confused with YMCA), prominent members included Mark Twain, who was the editor of the Buffalo Express from 1869-1871. The Young Men's Association was a private subscription library, meaning that paid membership was required in order to borrow books. In 1883, the Association began a fund-raising campaign for a new building and held an architectural competition, which culminated in Eidlitz's 1887 design. Upon completion, the Association turned over its collections to the citizens of Buffalo and the Buffalo Public Library was born, with no requirement for dues or membership.

Director from 1906-1931 was Walter Lewis Brown who was president of the American Library Association from 1916-1917.

Significant library collections include the original, hand-written manuscript of Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which Twain donated to the library in 1885; and the Milestones of Science, a collection of first editions announcing major advancements in Western science.