Buenaventura Báez
Ramón Buenaventura Báez Méndez (July 14, 1812 – March 14, 1884), was a Dominican conservative politician and military figure. He was president of the Dominican Republic for five nonconsecutive terms. His rule was characterized by corruption and governing for the benefit of his personal fortune.
Buenaventura Báez | |
|---|---|
| President of the Dominican Republic | |
| In office May 29, 1849 – February 15, 1853 | |
| Preceded by | Manuel Jiménes |
| Succeeded by | Pedro Santana |
| In office October 8, 1856 – June 13, 1858 | |
| Vice President | Domingo Daniel Pichardo Pró |
| Preceded by | Manuel de Regla Mota |
| Succeeded by | José Desiderio Valverde |
| In office December 8, 1865 – May 29, 1866 | |
| Vice President | Francisco Antonio Gómez y Báez |
| Preceded by | Pedro Guillermo |
| Succeeded by | Triumvirate of 1866 |
| In office May 2, 1868 – January 2, 1874 | |
| Vice President | Manuel Altagracia Cáceres (1868-1871) Juan Isidro Ortea y Kennedy (1871-1874) |
| Preceded by | Manuel Altagracia Cáceres |
| Succeeded by | Ignacio María González |
| In office December 26, 1876 – March 2, 1878 | |
| Vice President | Vacant |
| Preceded by | Marcos Antonio Cabral |
| Succeeded by | Ignacio María González |
| 4th Vice President of the Dominican Republic | |
| In office 6 October 1856 – 8 October 1856 | |
| Preceded by | Antonio Abad Alfau Bustamante |
| Succeeded by | Domingo Daniel Pichardo Pró |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ramón Buenaventura Báez Méndez July 14, 1812 Barahona, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo |
| Died | March 14, 1884 (aged 71) Hormigueros, Captaincy General of Puerto Rico |
| Nationality | Dominican |
| Political party | Red Party |
| Relations | Marcos Antonio Cabral (son-in-law) Virgins of Galindo (nieces-in-law) Antonio Sánchez-Valverde (grandfather) Ana Valverde (second cousin-once removed) José Desiderio Valverde (third cousin) |
| Children | 9 (possibly more) |
| Parents |
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Born in the community of Rincón, today Cabral, into a wealthy family, at a very early age he was sent to France to be educated. Precisely because of his education, much higher than average, Buenaventura Báez was able to carve out a leadership from a young age that allowed him to be appointed as a deputy in the Haitian Congress, a position he held in 1843, when the movement called La Reforma took place. . From this representation he began his work aimed at obtaining a protectorate from some foreign power, whether it was France, the United States, or any other.
Having achieved independence from Haiti in 1844, he was president of the brand new Dominican Republic on five occasions, a position in which he had some achievements, such as the founding of the first secondary school in the country, Colegio San Buenaventura; But, in general terms, Buenaventura Báez ruled dictatorially, murdering or allowing his followers to do so, and alternating his first three terms with those of Pedro Santana. In 1861 he opposed annexation to Spain because the person promoting it was his political enemy, Pedro Santana; However, after a few months, Buenaventura Báez managed and obtained the rank of marshal of the Spanish army, with the intention of achieving the governorship of the overseas province that the country had become, which he did not achieve. Shortly after, with the Dominican Restoration War, the Dominican Republic regained its independence.
In 1871, during his Six Years' government, the country was not annexed to the United States due to the opposition of Gregorio Luperón, who fought it on all fronts, supported by José María Cabral, and because the North American Congress rejected the offer. despite the fact that Báez had had the measure approved in a plebiscite. He died in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico, in 1884. His remains were repatriated in 1914, under the government of his son Ramón Báez.