Big Four (Indian snakes)

The four venomous snake species responsible for causing the greatest number of medically significant human snake bite cases on the Indian subcontinent (majorly in India and Sri Lanka) are sometimes collectively referred to as the Big Four. They are as follows:

Russell's viper, Daboia russelii
Common krait, Bungarus caeruleus
Indian cobra, Naja naja
Indian saw-scaled viper, Echis carinatus

Daboia russelii, Russell's viper
Bungarus caeruleus, the common krait
Naja naja, the Indian cobra
Echis carinatus, the saw-scaled viper
Snakebites by species in India

According to a 2020 study that did a comprehensive analysis of snake bites in India, Russell's viper accounted for 43% of the snakebites in India, followed by kraits (18%), cobras (12%), hump nose viper (4%), saw-scaled viper (1.7%), and water snake (0.3%). The rest (21%) were of unidentified species.

Seasonality of snakebite deaths in India
Snakebite death rates by altitude

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