Bhaktivinoda Thakur
Bhaktivinoda Thakur (IAST: Bhakti-vinoda Ṭhākura, Bengali pronunciation: [bʱɔktibinodo tʰakur] ⓘ) (2 September 1838 – 23 June 1914), born Kedarnath Datta (Kedāra-nātha Datta, Bengali: [kedɔrnɔtʰ dɔtto]), was an Indian Hindu philosopher, guru and spiritual reformer of Gaudiya Vaishnavism who effected its resurgence in India in late 19th and early 20th century and was called by contemporary scholars as a Gaudiya Vaishnava leader of his time. He is also known along with his son Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, with initiating the propagation of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in the West and its global spread.
Bhaktivinoda Thakur | |
|---|---|
Bhaktivinoda Thakur, c. 1910 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Kedarnath Datta 2 September 1838 |
| Died | 23 June 1914 (aged 75) |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Spouse | Shaymani Devi (m. 1849–1861)Bhagavati Devi (m. 1861–1914) |
| Children | Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Lalita Prasad,12 other children |
| Sect | Gaudiya Vaishnavism |
| Relatives | Narottama Dasa (distant ancestor), Kashiprasad Ghosh (maternal uncle) |
| Signature | |
| Philosophy | Achintya Bheda Abheda |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Bipin Bihari Goswami, Srila Jagannath Dasa Babaji Maharaj |
| Literary works | Krishna-samhita, Caitanya-siksamrita, Jaiva-dharma, Svalikhita-jivani. See bibliography |
| Honors | Bhaktivinoda, "the seventh goswami" |
He tackled the task of reconciling Western reason and traditional belief, by accommodating both modern critical analysis and Hindu mysticism in his writings. Kedarnath's spiritual quest led him at the age of 29 to become a follower of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1533). He dedicated himself to the study and practice of Chaitanya's teachings, emerging as a leader within the Chaitanya Vaishnava movement in Bengal.
In his later years Bhaktivinoda founded and conducted nama-hatta – a travelling preaching program that spread theology and practice of Chaitanya throughout rural and urban Bengal, by means of discourses, printed materials and Bengali songs of his own composition. He also opposed what he saw as apasampradayas, or numerous distortions of the original Chaitanya teachings. He is credited with the rediscovery of the lost site of Chaitanya's birth, in Mayapur near Nabadwip, which he commemorated with a prominent temple.
Bhaktivinoda Thakur led the spread of Chaitanya's teachings in the West, in 1880 sending copies of his works to Ralph Waldo Emerson in the United States and to Reinhold Rost in Europe.
The revival of Gaudiya Vaishnavism effected by Bhaktivinoda spawned one of India's preaching missions of the early 20th century, the Gaudiya Matha, headed by his son and spiritual heir, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati. Bhaktisiddhanta's disciple A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami (1896–1977) continued his guru's Western mission when in 1966 in the United States he founded ISKCON, or the Hare Krishna movement, which then spread Gaudiya Vaishnavism globally.