Betanin

Betanin, or Beetroot Red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing away the glucose molecule, is betanidin. As a food additive, its E number is E162.

Betanin
Names
IUPAC name
(2S)-1-{2-[(2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ylidene]ethylidene}-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-ium-2-carboxylate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.753
E number E162 (colours)
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C24H26N2O13/c27-8-17-18(29)19(30)20(31)24(39-17)38-16-6-10-5-14(23(36)37)26(13(10)7-15(16)28)2-1-9-3-11(21(32)33)25-12(4-9)22(34)35/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-20,24,27,29-31H,4-5,8H2,(H4,28,32,33,34,35,36,37)/t12-,14-,17+,18+,19-,20+,24+/m0/s1 N
    Key: DHHFDKNIEVKVKS-FMOSSLLZSA-N N
  • InChI=1/C24H26N2O13/c27-8-17-18(29)19(30)20(31)24(39-17)38-16-6-10-5-14(23(36)37)26(13(10)7-15(16)28)2-1-9-3-11(21(32)33)25-12(4-9)22(34)35/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-20,24,27,29-31H,4-5,8H2,(H4,28,32,33,34,35,36,37)/t12-,14-,17+,18+,19-,20+,24+/m0/s1
    Key: DHHFDKNIEVKVKS-FMOSSLLZBW
  • InChI=1/C24H26N2O13/c27-8-17-18(29)19(30)20(31)24(39-17)38-16-6-10-5-14(23(36)37)26(13(10)7-15(16)28)2-1-9-3-11(21(32)33)25-12(4-9)22(34)35/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-20,24,27-31H,4-5,8H2,(H,32,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)/b2-1+/t12?,14-,17+,18+,19-,20+,24+/m0/s1
    Key: CTMLKIKAUFEMLE-BOKBUZBTBZ
SMILES
  • OCC1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC2=C(O)C=C(/[N+]([C@@H]([C@]([O-])=O)C4)=C/C=C3\C[C@H]([C@](O)=O)NC(C(O)=O)=C3)C4=C2)O1
Properties
C24H26N2O13
Molar mass 550.47 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

The color of betanin depends on pH; between four and five it is bright bluish-red, becoming blue-violet as the pH increases. Once the pH reaches alkaline levels betanin degrades by hydrolysis, resulting in a yellow-brown color.

Betanin is a betalain pigment, together with isobetanin, probetanin, and neobetanin. Other pigments contained in beet are indicaxanthin and vulgaxanthins.

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