Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).
| Electronic structure methods |
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| Valence bond theory |
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Coulson–Fischer theory Generalized valence bond Modern valence bond theory |
| Molecular orbital theory |
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Hartree–Fock method Semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods Møller–Plesset perturbation theory Configuration interaction Coupled cluster Multi-configurational self-consistent field Quantum chemistry composite methods Quantum Monte Carlo |
| Density functional theory |
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Time-dependent density functional theory Thomas–Fermi model Orbital-free density functional theory Linearized augmented-plane-wave method Projector augmented wave method |
| Electronic band structure |
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Nearly free electron model Tight binding Muffin-tin approximation k·p perturbation theory Empty lattice approximation GW approximation Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method |
Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
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