Atenolol

Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Atenolol, however, does not seem to improve mortality in those with high blood pressure. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats. It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.

Atenolol
Clinical data
Trade namesTenormin, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684031
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		oral, Intravenous (IV)
Drug classSelective β1 receptor antagonist
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNING
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability40–50%
Protein binding6–16%
MetabolismMinimal
Onset of actionIVTooltip Intravenous injection: <5 minutes
Oral: <1 hour
Elimination half-life6–7 hours
Duration of action>24 hours
ExcretionUrine (>85% IV, 50% oral)
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}acetamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.044.941
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H22N2O3
Molar mass266.341 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
SMILES
  • O=C(N)Cc1ccc(cc1)OCC(O)CNC(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18) Y
  • Key:METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath. Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm. Use is not recommended during pregnancy and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding. It works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and workload.

Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 47th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 14 million prescriptions.

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