Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh (/ɑːrəˌnɑːtʃəl prəˈdɛʃ/, lit. 'Dawn-Lit Mountain Province') is a state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and largest town. It borders the Indian states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed 1,129 km border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region in the north at the McMahon Line. Arunachal Pradesh is claimed by China as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region; China occupied some regions of Arunachal Pradesh in 1962 but later withdrew its forces.
Arunachal Pradesh | |
|---|---|
State | |
From top left to right: Golden Pagoda, Namsai, Tawang Monastery, Tutsa Naga Dancers, Ziro valley, Pakke Tiger Reserve, Sela Pass | |
| Etymology: Arunachal ('dawn-lit mountains') and Pradesh ('province or territory') | |
| Nickname: "Land of Rising Sun" | |
| Motto: Satyameva Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs) | |
Location of Arunachal Pradesh in India | |
| Coordinates: 27.06°N 93.37°E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| Before was | North-East Frontier Agency |
| As union territory | 21 January 1972 |
| Formation | 20 February 1987 |
| Capital and largest city | Itanagar |
| Districts | 26 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Arunachal Pradesh |
| • Governor | Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik |
| • Chief minister | Pema Khandu (BJP) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (60 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 1 seat |
| • Lok Sabha | 2 seats |
| High Court | Gauhati High Court- Itanagar Bench |
| Area | |
| • Total | 83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 14th |
| Elevation | 2,432 m (7,979 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Kangto) | 7,060 m (23,160 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 44 m (144 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 1,383,727 |
| • Rank | 27th |
| • Density | 17/km2 (40/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 22.94% |
| • Rural | 77.06% |
| Demonym | Arunachalis |
| Language | |
| • Official | English |
| • Official script | Latin script |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2023–24) | ₹0.378 lakh crore (US$4.7 billion) |
| • Rank | 31st |
| • Per capita | ₹230,414 (US$2,900) (13th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AR |
| Vehicle registration | AR |
| HDI (2021) | 0.665 Medium (24th) |
| Literacy (2011) | 65.38% (34th) |
| Sex ratio (2021) | 997♀/1,000 ♂ (5th) |
| Website | arunachalpradesh |
| Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh | |
| Foundation day | Arunachal Pradesh Day |
| Bird | Hornbill |
| Fish | Golden Mahseerref |
| Flower | Foxtail orchid |
| Mammal | Mithun |
| Tree | Hollong |
| State highway mark | |
| State highway of Arunachal Pradesh | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
As of the 2011 Census of India, Arunachal Pradesh has a population of 1,383,727 and an area of 83,743 square kilometres (32,333 sq mi). With only 17 inhabitants per square kilometre, it is the least densely populated state of India. It is an ethnically diverse state, with predominantly Monpa people in the west, Tani people in the centre, Mishmi and Tai people in the east, and Naga people in the southeast of the state. About 26 major tribes and 100 sub-tribes live in the state, including Nocte, Adi, Nyshi, Singpho, Galo, Tagin, Apatani. The Nyishi are the largest ethnic group in the region. The Mishmi tribe has three sub-tribes, namely Idu-Mishmi, Digaru-Mishmi and Miju-Mishmi.