Arthur Ashkin
Arthur Ashkin (September 2, 1922 – September 21, 2020) was an American scientist and Nobel laureate who worked at Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies. Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of optical tweezers, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 at age 96, becoming the oldest Nobel laureate until 2019 when John B. Goodenough was awarded at 97. He resided in Rumson, New Jersey.
Arthur Ashkin | |
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Arthur Ashkin via video phone, December 2018 | |
| Born | September 2, 1922 Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 21, 2020 (aged 98) Rumson, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Education |
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| Known for | Optical tweezers |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (2018) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
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| Thesis | A measurement of positron-electron scattering and electron-electron scattering (1952) |
| Doctoral advisor | William M. Woodward |
Ashkin started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light; this pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces.