Arecibo Telescope
The Arecibo Telescope was a 305 m (1,000 ft) spherical reflector radio telescope built into a natural sinkhole at the Arecibo Observatory located near Arecibo, Puerto Rico. A cable-mount steerable receiver and several radar transmitters for emitting signals were mounted 150 m (492 ft) above the dish. Completed in November 1963, the Arecibo Telescope was the world's largest single-aperture telescope for 53 years, until it was surpassed in July 2016 by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in Guizhou, China.
Arecibo Observatory, aerial view, 2012 | |
| Alternative names | Arecibo Telescope |
|---|---|
| Named after | Arecibo, William E. Gordon, James Gregory |
| Part of | Arecibo Observatory |
| Location(s) | Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Caribbean |
| Coordinates | 18°20′39″N 66°45′10″W |
| Organization | University of Central Florida |
| Altitude | 498 m (1,634 ft) |
| Wavelength | 3 cm (10.0 GHz)–1 m (300 MHz) |
| First light | November 1, 1963 |
| Decommissioned | Announced November 19, 2020 Collapsed December 1, 2020 |
| Telescope style | Gregorian telescope radio telescope |
| Diameter | 304.8 m (1,000 ft 0 in) |
| Secondary diameter | 27 m (88 ft 7 in) |
| Illuminated diameter | 221 m (725 ft 1 in) |
| Collecting area | 73,000 m2 (790,000 sq ft) |
| Focal length | 132.6 m (435 ft 0 in) |
| Website | www |
Location of Arecibo Telescope | |
| Related media on Commons | |
The Arecibo Telescope was primarily used for research in radio astronomy, atmospheric science, and radar astronomy, as well as for programs that search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Scientists wanting to use the observatory submitted proposals that were evaluated by independent scientific referees. NASA also used the telescope for near-Earth object detection programs. The observatory, funded primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with partial support from NASA, was managed by Cornell University from its completion in 1963 until 2011, after which it was transferred to a partnership led by SRI International. In 2018, a consortium led by the University of Central Florida assumed operation of the facility.
The telescope's unique and futuristic design led to several appearances in film, gaming and television productions, such as for the climactic fight scene in the James Bond film GoldenEye (1995). It is one of the 116 pictures included in the Voyager Golden Record. It has been listed on the US National Register of Historic Places since 2008. The telescope was named an IEEE Milestone in 2001.
The NSF reduced its funding commitment to the observatory from 2006, leading academics to push for additional funding support to continue its programs. The telescope was damaged by Hurricane Maria in 2017 and was affected by earthquakes in 2019 and 2020. Two cable breaks, one in August 2020 and a second in November 2020, threatened the structural integrity of the support structure for the suspended platform and damaged the dish. Due to uncertainty over the remaining strength of the other cables supporting the suspended structure, and the risk of collapse owing to further failures making repairs dangerous, the NSF announced on November 19, 2020, that the telescope would be decommissioned and dismantled, with the LIDAR facility remaining operational. Before it could be decommissioned, several of the remaining support cables suffered a critical failure and the support structure, antenna, and dome assembly all fell into the dish at 7:55 a.m. local time on December 1, 2020, destroying the telescope. The NSF decided in October 2022 that it would not rebuild the telescope or build a similar observatory at the site.