Apulum (conurbation)
The twin towns of Apulum were a major urban centre of Roman Dacia, nowadays completely covered by the city of Alba Iulia. They developed in the vicinity of the legionary fortress of Legio XIII Gemina: Colonia Aurelia Apulensis and Colonia Nova Apulensis.
| Apulum | |
|---|---|
castrum Apulum | |
Location within Romania | |
| Alternative name(s) | colonia Aurelia Apulensis, municipium Aurelium Apulense, Chrysopolis, Municipium Septimium Apulense, Apulum I, Apulum II |
| Known also as | Alba Iulia; Gyulafehérvár; Karlsburg |
| Founded during the reign of | Trajan |
| Founded | 107 – 108 |
| Abandoned | 4th century AD |
| Attested by | Tabula Peutingeriana |
| Place in the Roman world | |
| Province | Dacia |
| Administrative unit | Dacia Apulensis |
| Administrative unit | Dacia Superior |
| Directly connected to | Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, Cluj-Napoca |
| Structure | |
| — Stone structure — | |
| Size and area | 440 m × 430 m (18.9 ha) |
| Stationed military units | |
| — Legions — | |
| XIII Gemina | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 46.0679°N 23.5727°E |
| Altitude | 245 m |
| Town | Alba Iulia |
| Country | Romania |
| Reference | |
| RO-LMI | AB-I-s-A-00002; AB-I-m-A-00001.02 |
| RO-RAN | 1026.02; 1026.04 |
| Site notes | |
| Recognition | National Historical Monument |
| Archaeologists | B. Csérni |
The conurbation extended over 140 ha in the 3rd century with an estimated population between 15,000 and 20,000. The two towns and the castrum, commonly referred together as Apulum, had numerous temples including a Mithraeum and hosted the residence of the governor in charge of the Legio XIII Gemina and Legio V Macedonica, making it a de facto capital of the province of Dacia Apulensis and all of Roman Dacia after the residence had been moved from Sarmizegetusa.
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