Apixaban
Apixaban, sold under the brand name Eliquis, is an anticoagulant medication used to treat and prevent blood clots and to prevent stroke in people with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation through directly inhibiting factor Xa. Specifically, it is used to prevent blood clots following hip or knee replacement and in those with a history of prior clots. It is used as an alternative to warfarin and does not require monitoring by blood tests or dietary restrictions. It is taken by mouth.
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| Trade names | Eliquis, others |
| Other names | BMS-562247-01 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a613032 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ~50% |
| Protein binding | ~87% |
| Metabolism | CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP1A2 and others |
| Elimination half-life | 9–14 h |
| Excretion | Bile duct (75%), kidney (25%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.167.332 |
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| Formula | C25H25N5O4 |
| Molar mass | 459.506 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include bleeding and nausea. Other side effects may include bleeding around the spine and allergic reactions. Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Use appears to be relatively safe in those with mild kidney problems. Compared to warfarin it has fewer interactions with other medications. It is a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
In 2007, Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb began development of apixaban as an anticoagulant. Apixaban was approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2011, and in the United States in December 2012. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 33rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 17 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication, although not in the United States.