Anténor Firmin

Anténor Firmin
Anténor Firmin
Minister of Finance, Commerce and Foreign Affairs
	In office; December 17, 1896 – July 26, 1897
President	Tirésias Simon Sam
Preceded by	Callisthènes Fouchard (Finance and Commerce) ; Pourcely Faine (Foreign Affairs)
Succeeded by	Solon Ménos
	In office; October 29, 1889 – May 3, 1891
President	Florvil Hyppolite
Preceded by	Saint-Martin Dupuy (Finance and Commerce) ; Himself (Foreign Affairs)
Succeeded by	Hugon Lechaud
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Agriculture and Worship
	In office; August 22, 1889 – October 29, 1889
President	Florvil Hyppolite
Preceded by	Saint-Martin Dupuy (Foreign Affairs) ; Néré Numa (Agriculture) ; Maximillien Laforest (Worship)
Succeeded by	Himself (Foreign Affairs) ; Clément Haentjens (Agriculture) ; Léger Cauvin (Worship)
Member of the provisional Government of the Republic of Haiti
	In office; August 22, 1889 – October 9, 1889
Personal details
Born	Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin; October 18, 1850; Cap-Haïtien, Haiti
Died	September 19, 1911 (aged 60); Saint Thomas, Danish West Indies
Political party	Parti libéral
Spouse	Marie Louise Victoria Rosa Salnave
Children	Anne-Marie Firmin; Georges Anténor Firmin
Profession	Anthropologist, Egyptologist, Politician and Journalist

Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin (18 October 1850 – 19 September 1911), better known as Anténor Firmin, was a Haitian barrister and philosopher, pioneering anthropologist, journalist, and politician. Firmin is best known for his book De l'égalité des races humaines (English: "On the Equality of Human Races"), which was published in 1885 as a rebuttal to French writer Count Arthur de Gobineau's work Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines (English: "Essay on the Inequality of Human Races"). Gobineau's book asserted the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of Blacks and other people of color. Firmin's book argued the opposite, that "all men are endowed with the same qualities and the same faults, without distinction of color or anatomical form. The races are equal". He was marginalized at the time for his beliefs that all human races were equal.

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