Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [ˈǎlfrɛd nʊˈbɛlː] ⓘ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime.
Alfred Nobel | |
|---|---|
Nobel in 1896 | |
| Born | 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 10 December 1896 (aged 63) Sanremo, Liguria, Italy |
| Resting place | Norra begravningsplatsen, Stockholm 59°21′24.52″N 18°1′9.43″E |
| Monuments | Nobel Monument |
| Occupation(s) | Chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman |
| Known for | Benefactor of the Nobel Prize, inventor of dynamite |
| Parent(s) | Immanuel Nobel Andriette Nobel |
| Relatives | Ludvig Nobel Emil Oskar Nobel Robert Nobel |
| Signature | |
Nobel displayed an early aptitude for science and learning, particularly in chemistry and languages; he became fluent in six languages and filed his first patent at the age of 24. He embarked on many business ventures with his family, most notably owning the company Bofors, which was an iron and steel producer that he had developed into a major manufacturer of cannons and other armaments. Nobel's most famous invention, dynamite, was an explosive using nitroglycerin that was patented in 1867.
Nobel was later inspired to donate his fortune to the Nobel Prize institution, which would annually recognize those who "conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". The synthetic element nobelium was named after him, and his name and legacy also survives in companies such as Dynamit Nobel and AkzoNobel, which descend from mergers with companies he founded. Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which, pursuant to his will, would be responsible for choosing the Nobel laureates in physics and in chemistry.