Ain Dara (archaeological site)
The Ain Dara temple is a destroyed Iron Age Syro-Hittite temple noted for its similarities to Solomon's Temple, also known as the "First Temple in Jerusalem", as described in the Hebrew Bible. It is located near the village of Ain Dara, in Afrin District, Syria.
The remains of the Ain Dara temple before 2018 | |
Shown within Syria | |
| Location | Ain Dara village, Afrin, Syria |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 36°27′33.7″N 36°51′7.5″E |
| Type | Temple |
| Part of | Acropolis |
| Length | 30 m (98 ft) |
| Width | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Area | 600 m2 (6,500 sq ft) |
| History | |
| Material | stone |
| Founded | c. 1300 BC to 740 BC |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Cultures | Aramean |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1980–1985 |
| Condition | ruins |
| Public access | Yes |
According to the excavator, Ali Abu Assaf, it existed from 1300 BC until 740 BC and remained almost unchanged during the construction of Solomon's Temple (1000–900 BC) as it had been before so it predates the First Temple. The temples of Emar, Mumbaqat, and Ebla (Temple D) are also comparable, as is the nearby 8th century BCE temple at Tell Tayinat. The surviving sculptures depict lions and sphinxes, which are comparable to the cherubim of the First Temple.
Massive footprints were carved into the floor; whether of giants, humans, or animals is debatable. Also left to speculation is to whom the temple is dedicated. Ain Dara may have been devoted to Inanna, the female Mesopotamian deity of fertility and civilisation, or to the Canaanite version of Ishtar, ʿAṯtart. It also might have been dedicated to the male storm deity Hadad, or it might have been an oracle on a road known as the international coastal highway between the Syrian Desert and Mediterranean Sea.
According to the Assad government, the temple was significantly damaged by Turkish jets during the Turkish military operation in Afrin in late January 2018. Reports indicate that at least 60% percent of the structure was reduced to rubble. The entire front facade of the temple has been destroyed in photos and video released online. The site's emblematic basalt lion was stolen in December 2019 by members of the Hamza Division, which is part of the Syrian National Army.