Acute necrotizing encephalopathy
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be familial or sporadic, but both forms are very similar to each other. Multiple subtypes, associated with specific genes have been found.
| Necrotizing encephalopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Acute necrotizing encephalitis, Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC), infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE), Autosomal dominant acute necrotising encephalopathy (ADANE), Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy |
| Specialty | Infectious disease Neurology. |
| Symptoms | fever, cough, congestion, vomiting and diarrhea, for several days. After these flu-like symptoms, the affected individuals develop neurological problems, such as seizures, hallucinations, difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia) or abnormal muscle tone. |
| Causes | Influenza is the most common virus found in people with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1; other viruses that are known to trigger this condition include human herpesvirus 6, coxsackie virus, and enteroviruses. In rare cases, the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae is involved. |
| Prevention | Vaccination, face coverings, quarantine, physical/social distancing, ventilation, hand washing |
| Medication | Steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) |
| Prognosis | Approximately one-third of individuals with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 do not survive their illness and subsequent neurological decline. Of those who do survive, about half have permanent brain damage due to tissue necrosis, resulting in impairments in walking, speech, and other basic functions, there may also be permanent brain damage. |
| Frequency | At least 59 cases of this condition have been reported in the scientific literature |
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.