Activation-induced cytidine deaminase

AICDA
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5JJ4
Identifiers
Aliases	AICDA, AID, ARP2, CDA2, HEL-S-284, HIGM2, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, activation induced cytidine deaminase
External IDs	OMIM: 605257 MGI: 1342279 HomoloGene: 7623 GeneCards: AICDA
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	8,613,242 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	122,541,139 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; appendix; ; thymus; ; placenta; ; gastric mucosa; ; superior surface of tongue; ; gallbladder; ; tibial nerve; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; monocyte;
	Top expressed in
	cumulus cell; ; ejaculatory duct; ; blood; ; spleen; ; submandibular gland; ; thymus; ; pituitary gland; ; ovary; ; jejunum; ; petrous part of the temporal bone;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; zinc ion binding; protein binding; catalytic activity; hydrolase activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; metal ion binding; cytidine deaminase activity; identical protein binding; RNA binding;
Cellular component	exosome (RNase complex); nucleus; cytoplasm; P-body; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes; DNA demethylation; mRNA processing; B cell differentiation; somatic diversification of immunoglobulins; negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly; cytidine deamination; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; isotype switching; defense response to bacterium; regulation of DNA stability; negative regulation of transposition; cytidine to uridine editing; regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication; negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate; defense response to virus; DNA cytosine deamination;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	57379
	11628
	ENSG00000111732
	ENSMUSG00000040627
	Q9GZX7
	Q9WVE0
	NM_020661; NM_001330343
	NM_009645
	NP_001317272; NP_065712
	NP_033775
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA, AID and single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene. It creates mutations in DNA by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as a thymine). In other words, it changes a C:G base pair into a U:G mismatch. The cell's DNA replication machinery recognizes the U as a T, and hence C:G is converted to a T:A base pair. During germinal center development of B lymphocytes, error-prone DNA repair following AID action also generates other types of mutations, such as C:G to A:T. AID is a member of the APOBEC family.

In B cells in the lymph nodes, AID causes mutations that produce antibody diversity, but that same mutation process leads to B cell lymphoma.

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