Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Prop-2-enal | |||
| Other names
Acraldehyde Acrylic aldehyde Allyl aldehyde Ethylene aldehyde Acrylaldehyde | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.141 | ||
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1092 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
| C3H4O | |||
| Molar mass | 56.064 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless to yellow liquid. Colorless gas in smoke. | ||
| Odor | Acrid, Foul, Irritating | ||
| Density | 0.839 g/mL | ||
| Melting point | −88 °C (−126 °F; 185 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 53 °C (127 °F; 326 K) | ||
| Appreciable (> 10%) | |||
| Vapor pressure | 210 mmHg | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Highly poisonous. Causes severe irritation to exposed membranes. Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225, H300, H311, H314, H330, H410 | |||
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
4
3
3 | ||
| Flash point | −26 °C (−15 °F; 247 K) | ||
| 278 °C (532 °F; 551 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 2.8-31% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration) |
875 ppm (mouse, 1 min) 175 ppm (mouse, 10 min) 150 ppm (dog, 30 min) 8 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 375 ppm (rat, 10 min) 25.4 ppm (hamster, 4 hr) 131 ppm (rat, 30 min) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
674 ppm (cat, 2 hr) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) ST 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
2 ppm | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | Sigma-Aldrich SDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkenals |
Crotonaldehyde | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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