Abraham Accords
The Abraham Accords are bilateral agreements on Arab–Israeli normalization signed between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and between Israel and Bahrain on September 15, 2020. Mediated by the United States, the announcement of August 13, 2020, concerned Israel and the UAE before the subsequent announcement of an agreement between Israel and Bahrain on September 11, 2020. On September 15, 2020, the signing of the agreements was hosted by US president Trump on the Truman Balcony of the White House amid elaborate staging intended to evoke the signings of historic formal peace treaties in prior administrations.
Representatives (left-to-right):
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| Type | Normalization treaty |
|---|---|
| Context | Arab–Israeli conflict |
| Signed | September 15, 2020 |
| Location | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Negotiators | United States |
| Signatories | Israel September 15, 2020:
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As part of the two agreements, both the UAE and Bahrain recognized Israel's sovereignty, enabling the establishment of full diplomatic relations. Israel's initial agreement with the UAE marked the first instance of Israel establishing diplomatic relations with an Arab country since 1994, when the Israel–Jordan peace treaty came into effect. The agreements were named "Abraham Accords" to highlight the common belief of Judaism and Islam in the prophet Abraham.
On October 23, 2020, Israel and Sudan agreed to normalize ties; the agreement is unratified as of 2024. As part of the agreement, the US removed Sudan from its list of state sponsors of terrorism and giving it a US$1.2 billion loan. On January 6, 2021, the government of Sudan signed the "Abraham Accords Declaration" in Khartoum. On December 22, 2020, the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement was signed. In exchange for Morocco's recognition of Israeli sovereignty, the United States recognized Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara.