3 Juno
Juno (minor-planet designation: 3 Juno) is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt. Juno was the third asteroid discovered, in 1804, by German astronomer Karl Harding. It is one of the twenty largest asteroids and one of the two largest stony (S-type) asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia. It is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt.
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Karl Ludwig Harding |
| Discovery date | 1 September 1804 |
| Designations | |
MPC designation | (3) Juno |
| Pronunciation | /ˈdʒuːnoʊ/ |
Named after | Juno (Latin: Iūno) |
Minor planet category | Main belt (Juno clump) |
| Adjectives | Junonian /dʒuːˈnoʊniən/ |
| Symbol | (historically astronomical, now astrological) |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 13 September 2023 (JD 2453300.5) | |
| Aphelion | 3.35 AU (501 million km) |
| Perihelion | 1.985 AU (297.0 million km) |
Semi-major axis | 2.67 AU (399 million km) |
| Eccentricity | 0.2562 |
Orbital period (sidereal) | 4.361 yr |
Average orbital speed | 17.93 km/s |
Mean anomaly | 37.02° |
| Inclination | 12.991° |
Longitude of ascending node | 169.84° |
| 2 April 2023 | |
| 247.74° | |
| Earth MOID | 1.04 AU (156 million km) |
| Proper orbital elements | |
Proper semi-major axis | 2.6693661 AU |
Proper eccentricity | 0.2335060 |
Proper inclination | 13.2515192° |
Proper mean motion | 82.528181 deg / yr |
Proper orbital period | 4.36215 yr (1593.274 d) |
Precession of perihelion | 43.635655 arcsec / yr |
Precession of the ascending node | −61.222138 arcsec / yr |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | (320 × 267 × 200) ± 6 km |
Mean diameter | 254±2 km 246.6±10.6 km |
| Flattening | 0.22 |
| Mass | (2.7±0.24)×1019 kg (2.86±0.46)×1019 kg |
Mean density | 3.15±0.28 g/cm3 3.20±0.56 g/cm3 |
Equatorial surface gravity | 0.112 m/s2 |
Equatorial escape velocity | 0.168 km/s |
Synodic rotation period | 7.21 hr (0.3004 d) |
Equatorial rotation velocity | 31.75 m/s |
Pole ecliptic latitude | 27° ± 5° |
Pole ecliptic longitude | 103° ± 5° |
| 0.202 0.238 | |
| Temperature | ~163 K max: 301 K (+28°C) |
| S | |
| 7.4 to 11.55 | |
| 5.33 | |
| 0.30" to 0.07" | |
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