1990 United States Senate elections

The 1990 United States Senate elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 1990, with the 33 seats of Class 2 contested in regular elections. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. The Democratic Party increased its majority with a net gain of one seat from the Republican Party. The election cycle took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term, and, as with most other midterm elections, the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress. Until 2022, this had been the only election cycle where only one U.S. Senate seat flipped parties.

1990 United States Senate elections
November 6, 1990
35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader George Mitchell Bob Dole
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since January 3, 1989 January 3, 1985
Leader's seat Maine Kansas
Seats before 55 45
Seats after 56 44
Seat change 1 1
Popular vote 17,907,544 16,494,624
Percentage 51.1% 47.1%
Seats up 17 18
Races won 18 17
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican hold
     No election
Majority Leader before election

George Mitchell
Democratic

 Elected Majority Leader

George Mitchell
Democratic

These elections, along with 2022, featured the smallest seat change in history since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 with only one seat changing parties. That election featured Democrat Paul Wellstone defeating incumbent Republican Rudy Boschwitz in Minnesota. To date, this is the last cycle in which Democratic candidates won U.S. Senate elections in Oklahoma and Tennessee.

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