1908 Messina earthquake
An earthquake occurred on 28 December 1908 in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The epicentre was in the Strait of Messina which separates Sicily from the Italian mainland. The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were almost completely destroyed and between 75,000 and 82,000 people died, making it the most destructive earthquake ever to strike Europe.
Ruins of Messina after the earthquake and tsunami. Taken at the northern section of the Palazzata in front of the harbour | |
| UTC time | 1908-12-28 04:20:27 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 16958009 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 28 December 1908 |
| Local time | 5:20:27 |
| Duration | 37 seconds |
| Magnitude | 7.1 Mw |
| Depth | 5–6 mi (8–10 km) |
| Epicenter | 38.15°N 15.68°E Strait of Messina |
| Fault | Possibly blind normal fault underlying Strait of Messina; or according to findings in 2019, the Messina -Taormina Fault which runs offshore of Sicily the entire length of the Strait |
| Type | Dip-slip |
| Areas affected | Sicily & Calabria, Kingdom of Italy |
| Total damage | Tsunami waves, fires, landslides; Messina and Reggio Calabria almost destroyed |
| Max. intensity | MMI XI (Extreme) |
| Tsunami | Up to 12 m (39 ft) |
| Landslides | Yes |
| Aftershocks | 293 |
| Casualties | 75,000–82,000 |
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