1812 Overture
The Year 1812, Solemn Overture, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture, is a concert overture in E♭ major written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The piece commemorates Russia's successful defense against the French invasion of the country by Napoleon in 1812.
| 1812 Overture | |
|---|---|
| Concert overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky | |
A performance, with cannon fire, at the 2005 Classical Spectacular in Melbourne, Australia | |
| Key | E♭ major |
| Opus | 49 |
| Occasion | Commemoration of the 1812 Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée |
| Composed | 1880 |
| Premiere | |
| Date | 20 August 1882 |
| Location | Moscow |
| Conductor | Ippolit Al'tani |
The overture debuted in Moscow on 20 August [O.S. 8 August] 1882, conducted by Ippolit Al'tani under a tent near the then-almost-finished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, which also memorialised the 1812 defense of Russia.
The fifteen-minute overture is best known for its climactic volley of cannon fire, ringing chimes, and a brass fanfare finale. It has also become a common accompaniment to fireworks displays on the United States' Independence Day. The 1812 Overture went on to become one of Tchaikovsky's most popular works, along with his ballet scores to The Nutcracker, The Sleeping Beauty, and Swan Lake.