10199 Chariklo
10199 Chariklo /ˈkærəkloʊ/ is the largest confirmed centaur (small body of the outer Solar System). It orbits the Sun between Saturn and Uranus, grazing the orbit of Uranus. On 26 March 2014, astronomers announced the discovery of two rings (nicknamed Oiapoque and Chuí after the rivers that define Brazil's borders) around Chariklo by observing a stellar occultation, making it the first minor planet known to have rings.
Hubble Space Telescope image of Chariklo taken in 2015 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Spacewatch (J. Scotti) |
| Discovery site | Kitt Peak Obs. |
| Discovery date | 15 February 1997 |
| Designations | |
MPC designation | (10199) Chariklo |
| Pronunciation | /ˈkærəkloʊ/ |
Named after | Χαρικλώ Khariklō (Ancient Greek nymph) |
Alternative designations | 1997 CU26 |
Minor planet category | centaur · distant |
| Adjectives | Charikloan, Charikloian /kærəˈkloʊ(i)ən/ |
| Symbol | |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 1 | |
| Observation arc | 26.51 yr (9,684 days) |
| Earliest precovery date | 5 November 1988 |
| Aphelion | 18.545 AU |
| Perihelion | 13.099 AU |
Semi-major axis | 15.822 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.1721 |
Orbital period (sidereal) | 62.93 yr (22,987 days) |
Mean anomaly | 77.670° |
Mean motion | 0° 0m 56.52s / day |
| Inclination | 23.382° |
Longitude of ascending node | 300.42° |
| |
| 242.90° | |
| Known satellites | (2) rings of Chariklo · (undiscovered embedded or shepherd moons?) |
| Jupiter MOID | 8.1850 AU |
| TJupiter | 3.4820 |
| Physical characteristics | |
Mean diameter | 248±18 km 254 km (296x264x204 km) (287.6x270.4x198.2 km) |
Synodic rotation period | 7.004±0.036 h |
| 0.045±0.010 0.10±0.02 0.035±0.010 0.042±0.005 0.057 (assumed) | |
| SMASS = D · D BR (G-mode) B−V = 0.84 V−R = 0.50±0.03 B−R = 1.34 V−I = 1.02±0.02 R−J = 0.99 V−J = 1.49±0.07 J−H = 0.49 V−H = 1.98±0.08 | |
| 18.3 | |
| 6.569±0.015 (R) · 6.6 · 6.65 · 6.75 · 6.76 · 7.07±0.04 · 7.08±0.04 · 7.03±0.10 · 7.40±0.25 | |
A photometric study in 2001 was unable to find a definite period of rotation. Infrared observations of Chariklo indicate the presence of water ice, which may in fact be located in its rings.
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