.45-70

The .45-70, also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-21⁄10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873. It was a replacement for the stop-gap .50-70 Government cartridge, which had been adopted in 1866, one year after the end of the American Civil War, and is known by collectors as the "Trapdoor Springfield".

.45-70 Government
From left, .30-06, .45-70, and .50-90 Sharps
TypeRifle
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1873–1892
Used byUnited States
WarsIndian Wars, Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Moro Rebellion
Production history
DesignerUnited States Army
Designed1872
Produced1873–present
Variants.45-70 +P
Specifications
Case typeRimmed, straight
Bullet diameter.458 in (11.6 mm)
Neck diameter.480 in (12.2 mm)
Base diameter.505 in (12.8 mm)
Rim diameter.608 in (15.4 mm)
Rim thickness.070 in (1.8 mm)
Case length2.105 in (53.5 mm)
Overall length2.550 in (64.8 mm)
Primer typeLarge rifle
Maximum pressure (CIP)32,000 psi (220 MPa)
Maximum pressure (Original 45-70-405 loading )19,000 psi (130 MPa)
Maximum pressure (Original 45-70-500 loading )25,000 psi (170 MPa)
Maximum CUP28,000 CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
405 gr (Original Government 45-70-405 Rifle Load test data published in 1874) lead RN 1,350 ft/s (410 m/s) 1,638 ft⋅lbf (2,221 J)
500 gr (Original Government 45-70-500 RIfle Load test data published in 1887) lead RN 1,315.7 ft/s (401.0 m/s) 1,921 ft⋅lbf (2,605 J)
405 gr (Original Government 45-55-405 Carbine Load test data published in 1887) lead RN 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s) 1,189 ft⋅lbf (1,612 J)
300 gr (Standard) JHP 2,069 ft/s (631 m/s) 2,852 ft⋅lbf (3,867 J)
300 gr (Strong) JHP 2,275 ft/s (693 m/s) 3,449 ft⋅lbf (4,676 J)
Test barrel length: 32.6"
Source(s): Springfield Armory (U.S.) (1874). Description and Rules for the Management of the Springfield Rifle, Carbine, and Army Revolvers, Caliber 45. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Springfield Armory (U.S.) (1887). Description and Rules for the Management of the Springfield Rifle, Carbine, and Army Revolvers, Caliber 45. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Accurate Powder
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