Electricity sector in Haiti
The largely government owned electricity sector in Haiti referred to as Électricité d'Haïti (ED'H for "Haiti Electric Utility", faced a deep crisis characterized by dramatic shortages and the lowest coverage of electricity in the Western Hemisphere in 2006. with only about 38.5% of the population having regular access to electricity. In addition, Haiti's large share of thermal generation (70%) makes the country especially vulnerable to rising and unstable oil prices.
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Electricity coverage (2013) | 38.5% (total); (LAC total average in 2007: 92%) |
| Installed capacity (2016) | 313,000 KW |
| Share of fossil energy | 80.9% (2015 est.) |
| Share of renewable energy | 18.8% (hydro) 0.3% (other) |
| GHG emissions from electricity generation (2003) | 0.2 Mt CO2 |
| Average electricity use (2006) | 75 kWh per capita |
| Distribution losses (2006) | 55% (inc. transmission losses) |
| Consumption by sector (% of total) | |
| Residential | 60% |
| Industrial | 40% (inc. transport - 15%; services - 5%) |
| Tariffs and financing | |
| Average residential tariff (US$/kW·h, 2006) | 0.176; (LAC average in 2005: 0.115) |
| Services | |
| Sector unbundling | No |
| Share of private sector in generation | 23% (Independent Power Producer) |
| Competitive supply to large users | No |
| Competitive supply to residential users | No |
| Institutions | |
| No. of service providers | monopoly (EDH) |
| Responsibility for regulation | None |
| Responsibility for policy-setting | Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications (MTPTC) |
| Responsibility for the environment | Ministry of the Environment (MDE) |
| Electricity sector law | Yes (EDH creation Decree, 1989) |
| Renewable energy law | No |
| CDM transactions related to the electricity sector | None |
Haiti has the smallest public sector in the LAC region, which in this case is reflected by a weak institutional capacity within the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications (MTPTC). Since the MTPTC is the main government body in charge of the electricity sector, this lack of capacity affects directly the performance of the sector.